Two-dimensional photonic crystal surface emitting laser - Liang Yong

To provide a two-dimensional photonic crystal surface emitting laser capable of improving characteristics of light to be emitted, in particular, optical output power. The two-dimensional photonic crystal surface emitting laser 10X includes: a two-dimensional photonic crystal 123 including a plate-shaped base member 121 and modified refractive index regions 122 where the modified refractive index regions 122 have a refractive index different from that of the plate-shaped base member 121 and are two-dimensionally and periodically arranged in the base member; an active layer 11 provided on one side of the two-dimensional photonic crystal 123; and a first electrode 15A and a second electrode 16 provided sandwiching the two-dimensional photonic crystal 123 and the active layer 11 for supplying current to the active layer 11, where the second electrode 16 covers a region equal to or wider than the first electrode …