The current project aim to disscus these issue of private tutoring from the perspective of mathematics education, such as the detailed analysis on the effectiveness of PT on mathematics learning, the pedagogy of PT, the professional development of PT instruction, etc. Several funding support the research, e.g. National Education Sciences Planning Grant of China during the Twelfth-Five Plan Period (2015): A Study on Shadow Education from Perspective of Mathematics Education (EHA150424); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M641231), etc.